Most High Earners Are Making This 401(K) Mistake

Planning for retirement can feel like navigating a labyrinth. With so many variables and choices, it's easy to make mistakes that could jeopardize your financial future. One common error, especially among high earners, is not contributing enough to their 401(k) plans. 

In this blog, we’re exploring why this can be a problem and how you can avoid it to help ensure a comfortable retirement.

The 401(k) Mistake Most High Earners Make

Many high earners, those making $100,000 or more annually, and HNWIs, those making a million or more, are not maximizing their 401(k) contributions. According to Vanguard's "How America Saves" report, only 14% of individuals maxed out their contributions in 2023 when the cap was $22,500. Even fewer people take advantage of catch-up contributions available to those over 50.

Why Company Matches Aren't Enough

Relying solely on your company's matching contribution is a risky strategy. While company matches are beneficial, they typically cap at a certain percentage of your salary, often around 6%. This might seem sufficient, but it's usually not enough to ensure a stable retirement income.

The Consequences of Under-Contributing

Failing to contribute enough to your 401(k) can likely cause significant income shortfalls in retirement. This could mean having to drastically change your lifestyle or even running out of money during your golden years. Planning ahead and contributing more can help avoid these outcomes.

Understanding the Contribution Limits

For 2024, the maximum 401(k) contribution is $23,000. Those over 50 can contribute an additional $7,000 as catch-up contributions. It's crucial to understand these limits and aim to contribute as much as possible.

Why High Earners Often Fall Short

High earners often fall short due to psychological and behavioral factors. Many people are anchored to the idea of contributing only up to the company match or have other financial priorities that seem more immediate. However, it's essential to prioritize retirement savings to help secure your future.

To avoid falling into the trap of under-contributing, set realistic goals and gradually increase your contributions. Many plans offer automatic escalation features that increase your contributions annually. Additionally, adjust your contribution levels with each salary increase to help ensure you’re saving as much as possible.

The Importance of Diversifying Your Retirement Income

While 401(k) plans are a great tool for bolstering your nest egg, relying solely on them is not advisable. Diversifying your retirement savings with other retirement and investment accounts can provide additional security and flexibility. Here are some of the best ways to achieve this diversification:

  • Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Consider both traditional and Roth IRAs. Traditional IRAs offer tax-deferred growth, while Roth IRAs provide tax-free withdrawals in retirement.
  • Health Savings Accounts (HSAs): If eligible, contribute to an HSA. Funds can be used tax-free for qualified medical expenses, and after age 65, withdrawals for non-medical expenses are penalty-free (though taxed as income).
  • Taxable Investment Accounts: Consider investing in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and ETFs outside of retirement accounts. These provide flexibility in withdrawals and can complement tax-advantaged accounts.
  • Real Estate Investments: Rental properties or real estate investment trusts (REITs) can generate rental income or dividends, offering a steady stream of income in retirement.
  • Diverse Investment Strategies: Utilize a mix of growth-oriented investments (stocks) and income-generating assets (bonds, dividend-paying stocks) to help balance risk and return.

Maximizing your 401(k) contributions is crucial for helping you secure a comfortable retirement. Don’t fall into the trap of under-contributing. Understanding the contribution limits, setting realistic goals, and diversifying your savings can help you ensure a stable financial future. 

Also, consider seeking personalized advice from wealth managers like NJM Wealth Preservation Strategies to help you develop a retirement plan.

How NJM Wealth Preservation Strategies Can Help Secure Your Retirement

NJM Wealth Preservation Strategies offers a comprehensive approach to retirement planning, helping ensure that your financial future is secure. Here’s how we can assist you:

  • Personalized Retirement Planning: Tailoring strategies to fit your unique financial situation and retirement goals.
  • Investment Management: Management of your investment portfolio to help maximize growth and minimize risk.
  • Tax Planning: Strategies to help minimize taxes on your retirement income.
  • Estate Planning: Helping ensure your assets are protected and your legacy is secure.
  • Insurance Solutions: Assessing and updating life insurance policies to help ensure they align with your current needs and goals.
  • Regular Reviews and Adjustments: Ongoing monitoring and adjusting of your retirement plan to stay on track with your goals.

For more information on our services, or to schedule a complimentary consultation, contact us today!

FAQs

1. What happens to my 401(k) when I retire?

Upon retirement, you have several options for your 401(k):

  • Leave it in the plan: You can keep your money in the 401(k) plan, allowing it to continue growing tax-deferred.
  • Roll it over to an IRA: This can provide more investment options and possibly lower fees.
  • Take distributions: You can start taking withdrawals, but keep in mind that they are subject to income tax. You must begin taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) starting at age 72.

2. When can I start withdrawing from my 401(k) without penalties?

You can begin withdrawing from your 401(k) without penalties at age 59½. Withdrawals made before this age are generally subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty and income taxes. However, there are certain exceptions to this rule, such as financial hardship, permanent disability, or separation from service after age 55.

3. What are the tax benefits of a 401(k)?

Contributions to a traditional 401(k) are made with pre-tax dollars, which can help reduce your taxable income for the year. The investments grow tax-deferred, meaning you don't pay taxes on any earnings until you withdraw the money, typically in retirement when you may be in a lower tax bracket.

4. What is a Roth 401(k) and how is it different from a traditional 401(k)?

A Roth 401(k) is similar to a traditional 401(k) but with a key difference in tax treatment. Contributions to a Roth 401(k) are made with after-tax dollars, meaning you pay taxes upfront. However, withdrawals in retirement are tax-free, provided you meet the criteria (typically holding the account for at least five years and being 59½ or older). This can be beneficial if you expect to be in a higher tax bracket in retirement.

5. Can I borrow from my 401(k)?

Many 401(k) plans allow you to take loans from your account. The maximum loan amount is generally the lesser of $50,000 or 50% of your vested account balance. Loans must be repaid with interest, typically within five years. If you leave your job before repaying the loan, the outstanding balance may become due immediately, and any unpaid amount could be considered a taxable distribution and subject to early withdrawal penalties.